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When can you trust the experts pdf9/7/2023 Expertise Įxpertise characteristics, skills and knowledge of a person (that is, expert) or of a system, which distinguish experts from novices and less experienced people. Studies have investigated the factors that enable experts to be fast and accurate. The fundamental aim of this research is to describe what it is that experts know and how they use their knowledge to achieve performance that most people assume requires extreme or extraordinary ability. Some researchers have investigated the cognitive structures and processes of experts. Research in this area attempts to understand the relation between expert knowledge, skills and personal characteristics and exceptional performance. In law, an expert witness must be recognized by argument and authority. Another example from computer science is that an expert system may be taught by a human and thereafter considered an expert, often outperforming human beings at particular tasks. In this respect, a shepherd with 50 years of experience tending flocks would be widely recognized as having complete expertise in the use and training of sheep dogs and the care of sheep. In specific fields, the definition of expert is well established by consensus and therefore it is not always necessary for individuals to have a professional or academic qualification for them to be accepted as an expert. The individual was usually a profound thinker distinguished for wisdom and sound judgment. Historically, an expert was referred to as a sage. An expert can be believed, by virtue of credentials, training, education, profession, publication or experience, to have special knowledge of a subject beyond that of the average person, sufficient that others may officially (and legally) rely upon the individual's opinion on that topic. Experts are called in for advice on their respective subject, but they do not always agree on the particulars of a field of study. An expert, more generally, is a person with extensive knowledge or ability based on research, experience, or occupation and in a particular area of study. Informally, an expert is someone widely recognized as a reliable source of technique or skill whose faculty for judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely is accorded authority and status by peers or the public in a specific well-distinguished domain. ( March 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Īn expert is somebody who has a broad and deep understanding and competence in terms of knowledge, skill and experience through practice and education in a particular field or area of study. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. But overall the book is far short of Willingham's earlier book "Why Don't Students Like School," which is one of the most important books I've ever read on education.This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. It should be required reading for everyone involved in educational policy and administration. Highly recommended for those educators not familiar with these types of reasoning, only moderately recommended for those that are. more ok is written for laymen never introduced to scientific and statistical reasoning. Some great insights, though mostly the bo. A decent introduction to scientific and statistical reasoning as applied to educational issues. I wish that policy makers, parents, and educators would apply Willingham's principles before jumping on the bandwagon of the next big reform. It is still very good though and offers practical suggestions for reviewing research and deciding what claims to believe. His most recent book has the same great writing style but is a little slower. I use his text "Why Don't Students Like School" in one of my undergrad classes b/c it is an engaging way of presenting research on how we learn. He is a cognitive scientist who focuses on education issues. Review 1: I love Daniel Willingham's work.
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